A systematic review of suicidal ideation and behaviors among adults with spinal cord injury

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023 · DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2022.2029282 · Published: July 1, 2023

Simple Explanation

This study reviews research on suicidal thoughts and actions among adults with spinal cord injuries (SCI). People with SCI are more likely to face challenges that increase suicide risk. The review looks at how often suicidal thoughts and behaviors occur in this group. It also identifies factors that might increase or decrease suicide risk. The review highlights the need for better ways to identify and support individuals with SCI who are at risk of suicide.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Adults (18 + years old) with reported suicide-related thoughts and/or behaviors following diagnosis of SCI

Evidence Level

Systematic Review

Key Findings

1
The frequency of suicidal ideation ranged from 4% to 67% within study samples.
2
The frequency of suicide attempts ranged from 0% to approximately 66% within study samples.
3
Individuals with a history of SCI are at increased risk of death by suicide.

Research Summary

This systematic review examined the frequency of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults with SCI, and associated risk and protective factors. The review found notable rates of suicidal ideation and behaviors, including deaths, among individuals with SCI. The review highlights the need for improved suicide assessment, risk management, and consistent reporting of SCI characteristics to prevent suicide among those living with SCI.

Practical Implications

Improved Assessment

Assessing for SI among those with SCI may help to identify those at greater risk for attempting suicide prior to escalation of such behaviors.

Consistent Screening

Considering that individuals with SCI are often frequent consumers of healthcare, this increased contact should provide the opportunity for frequent and ongoing suicide risk screening, assessment, and management.

Early Detection and Intervention

This review provides strong evidence for the need for enhanced early detection (i.e. screening assessment) and intervention strategies to reduce suicide risk among those living with SCI.

Study Limitations

1
Lack of examining the presence and rate of SI and suicidal behaviors in pediatric populations.
2
Exclusion of articles published solely on SAs resulting in SCI.
3
Diverse study designs, and in some cases limited data reported, impacted comparison of the results found in studies reviewed.

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