Anterior spinal cord syndrome of unknown etiology

Anterior spinal cord syndrome (ACS) is a condition affecting the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord, leading to loss of motor control below the lesion while crude sensation remains intact. It typically results from a vascular lesion at the anterior spinal artery, causing ischemic injury. Patients with ACS commonly experience complete motor defects below the lesion, accompanied by sensory deficits affecting pain and temperature sensation. The intensity of sensory deficits is related to the level of spinal cord involvement. Successful management after initial hospitalization depends on effective and comprehensive rehabilitation, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and psychological support. Education for patients and families about the diagnosis and potential complications is crucial.

• 1
  ACS results from a loss of blood supply to the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord, typically due to a thrombotic or embolic cause affecting the ASA.
• 2
  Patients with ACS experience complete motor function loss below the injury level, with altered or no loss of sensation. The corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts are affected.
• 3
  Depending on the level of injury, individuals with ACS are at risk for autonomic dysreflexia, sexual dysfunction, neuropathic pain, gait impairment, and neurogenic bowel, bladder, and skin issues.