Cognitive challenges in persons with spina bifida: Bearing on urological dysfunctions?

Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2020 · DOI: 10.1002/nau.24515 · Published: September 7, 2020

Simple Explanation

The study investigates whether adults with spina bifida (SB) who experience urinary tract complications also have cognitive difficulties that can be identified through neuropsychological tests. Neuropsychological tests, including assessments of memory, attention and processing speed, were administered to participants and compared to their urological health. The aim was to determine if cognitive challenges might contribute to difficulties in managing urological health, potentially leading to complications.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

154 persons with spina bifida

Evidence Level

Not specified

Key Findings

1
The study found that the SB population, on average, scored approximately 1 SD below the median for the general population on neuropsychological tests.
2
Participants with urinary tract complications, particularly infections, showed significantly lower scores on the Coding test, which measures processing speed.
3
Dependence on others for bladder and bowel emptying strongly correlated with cognitive impairment across all six neuropsychological tests.

Research Summary

This study evaluated the correlation between neuropsychological test outcomes and urological problems in adults with spina bifida (SB) to determine if cognitive impairment increases the risk of urological complications. The results indicated that individuals with SB and urinary tract complications, especially infections, showed significantly lower scores on cognitive tests, particularly the Coding and Arithmetic's tests. The study concludes that neuropsychological testing, specifically using the Coding and Arithmetic's tests, could help identify individuals with SB who may require additional support to minimize urological complications.

Practical Implications

Targeted Support

Identifying cognitive impairments can allow for tailored support to improve adherence to urological management routines.

Surgical Planning

Cognitive assessments can inform decisions about appropriate surgical interventions, ensuring patients can manage post-operative care.

Early Intervention

Regular cognitive screening may help in early identification of those needing assistance, preventing potential urological complications and renal deterioration.

Study Limitations

1
The study sample may not be fully representative of all adults with spina bifida.
2
The reliance on self-reported data and chart reviews for urological information may introduce bias.
3
The study did not investigate the impact of specific interventions to address the identified cognitive challenges.

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