Comparing the causes, circumstances and consequences of falls across mobility statuses among individuals with spinal cord injury: A secondary analysis

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021 · DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1956252 · Published: January 1, 2021

Simple Explanation

This study investigates falls among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) based on their mobility: those who walk full-time, use wheelchairs full-time, and walk part-time. It examines how often falls and related injuries occur, and what causes them in each group. The study found that the likelihood of falling and the circumstances surrounding falls varied depending on mobility status. Specifically, full-time ambulators were more likely to fall, and the reasons for falls differed across the groups. The findings suggest that fall prevention strategies for people with SCI should be tailored to their specific mobility status, considering the unique risks and situations they face.

Study Duration

6 Months

Participants

65 adults with SCI: 30 ambulated full-time, 27 used a wheelchair full-time, and 8 ambulated part-time

Evidence Level

Not specified

Key Findings

1
Mobility status significantly predicts falls; full-time wheelchair users are less likely to fall than full-time ambulators.
2
The type of fall-related injuries varies by mobility status; full-time ambulators often experience bruises and pain, while full-time wheelchair users report cuts/scrapes and pain.
3
The time of day when falls occur differs by mobility status; full-time ambulators tend to fall more during the daytime.

Research Summary

This study compared falls among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who ambulate full-time, use a wheelchair full-time, and ambulate part-time. The study tracked falls and fall-related injuries over six months using a survey. Results indicated that mobility status influences the likelihood and circumstances of falls. Individuals who used a wheelchair full-time had a third of the likelihood of falling than those who ambulated full-time. The study concludes that mobility status should be considered when planning fall prevention education/training for individuals with SCI, as fall experiences differ based on mobility.

Practical Implications

Tailored Fall Prevention Programs

Fall prevention programs for individuals with SCI should be customized based on their mobility status, addressing the specific causes and circumstances of falls relevant to each group.

Re-assessment of Transfer Skills

Regular reassessment of transfer skills and equipment is crucial, especially for wheelchair users, to minimize the risk of falls during transfers.

Consideration of Daily Activities

Healthcare professionals should consider the timing and nature of daily activities when evaluating fall risk and developing strategies to restructure routines to reduce the likelihood of falls.

Study Limitations

1
Falls were self-reported, potentially leading to recall bias.
2
The study did not inquire about the specific location of falls within the home.
3
The small sample size of individuals who ambulated part-time limits the statistical power and generalizability of findings.

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