Effects of brain-computer interface based training on post-stroke upper-limb rehabilitation: a meta-analysis

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2025 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-025-01588-x · Published: February 21, 2025

Neurology Neurorehabilitation

Simple Explanation

This meta-analysis evaluates how brain-computer interface (BCI) training affects upper-limb recovery after stroke. The study looks at various factors like stroke phase and training intensity to determine the best BCI training protocols. The review included twenty-one randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of BCI-based training on motor skills of upper limbs after a stroke.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

886 patients

Evidence Level

Meta-analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs)

Key Findings

1
BCI-based training significantly improves upper-limb motor function, as measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE).
2
BCI combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) shows better results for both subacute and chronic stroke patients.
3
Daily training sessions of 20–90 minutes, 2–5 times a week for 3–4 weeks, may lead to the most favorable results.

Research Summary

The meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of BCI-based training on upper-limb function in stroke patients, showing considerable improvements in motor impairment and function. BCI-based training's effectiveness depends on stroke phases, external feedback types, and the intensity of training. Combining BCI with FES is particularly promising for both subacute and chronic stroke patients.

Practical Implications

Rehabilitation Strategy

BCI-based training is a reliable method for improving upper-limb motor skills after stroke.

Personalized Treatment

Treatment plans should consider stroke phase and feedback type for best results.

Training Intensity

Optimal training involves 20-90 minute sessions, 2-5 times a week, for 3-4 weeks.

Study Limitations

1
Limited number of randomized clinical trials (21 studies involving 886 patients).
2
Some subgroup analyses did not meet the recommended number of clinical trials.
3
The study did not involve the interaction between drug use and BCI-based training.

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