Expression of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP1 in intervertebral discs under simulated overload and microgravity conditions

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 2025 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05508-6 · Published: January 16, 2025

Orthopedics Spinal Disorders

Simple Explanation

This study explores how simulated overload and microgravity affect the intervertebral discs. The study focused on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). These substances play a critical role in disc health. The experiment involved subjecting rabbits to conditions mimicking the forces experienced by pilots and astronauts. Researchers then measured levels of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP1 in the rabbit's spinal discs. The findings suggest that these extreme conditions can accelerate disc degeneration. This acceleration occurs due to an imbalance in MMP and TIMP levels within the intervertebral discs.

Study Duration

30, 60, and 90 days

Participants

120 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits

Evidence Level

Not specified

Key Findings

1
MMP1 and MMP3 expression increased significantly in experimental groups compared to controls. The increase correlated with longer exposure to simulated overload and microgravity.
2
TIMP1 expression initially increased in experimental groups, suggesting a compensatory response. However, after 90 days, TIMP1 expression decreased, indicating a failure in this compensatory mechanism.
3
MRI results showed that prolonged exposure to overload/microgravity conditions led to progressive disc degeneration. The most significant degenerative changes were observed in the 90-day experimental group.

Research Summary

This study investigated the impact of simulated overload and microgravity on intervertebral disc degeneration in rabbits. The researchers focused on the expression of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP1. The study found that overload and microgravity conditions lead to elevated expression of MMP1 and MMP3. This promotes accelerated disc degeneration. The research concludes that these findings provide a theoretical foundation for preventing and delaying lumbar disc degeneration in pilots and astronauts.

Practical Implications

Preventive Strategies

The study suggests the need for preventive strategies to mitigate disc degeneration in professions exposed to overload and microgravity, such as pilots and astronauts.

Therapeutic Targets

MMPs may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of disc degeneration. Additional research is needed.

Countermeasure Development

Further research should focus on developing countermeasures to maintain the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, potentially slowing down or preventing disc degeneration.

Study Limitations

1
The study did not extend the tracking of intervertebral disc conditions beyond 90 days.
2
Further research is necessitated to analyze the characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration.
3
Efforts should continue to prolong the experimental duration and broaden observational scopes.

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