Factors Associated With Pressure Ulcers in Individuals With Spina Bifida

Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2015 · DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.029 · Published: August 1, 2015

Simple Explanation

This study investigates factors linked to pressure ulcers in people with spina bifida (SB). Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal column doesn't close fully. Pressure ulcers, or bedsores, happen when skin and tissue are pressed for too long, especially in those with limited movement or sensation. The study found several factors that increase the risk of pressure ulcers in people with SB, including the severity of their spinal lesion, wheelchair use, and urinary incontinence.

Study Duration

2009-2012

Participants

3153 individuals with spina bifida

Evidence Level

Longitudinal multicenter cohort study

Key Findings

1
A higher level of lesion (more severe) was associated with a 34% increase in the odds of developing pressure ulcers.
2
Wheelchair users had 74% higher odds of pressure ulcers compared to community ambulators.
3
Urinary incontinence was associated with a 22% increase in the odds of pressure ulcers.

Research Summary

This study aimed to explore factors associated with pressure ulcers in individuals enrolled in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) in the United States between 2009 and 2012. The study found that level of lesion, wheelchair use, urinary incontinence, shunt presence, above the knee orthopedic surgery, recent surgery, and male sex were associated with pressure ulcers. The final model included level of lesion, urinary incontinence, recent surgery, and male sex, adjusting for SB type, SB clinic, and age groups.

Practical Implications

Clinical Practice

Identifying key risk factors can help clinicians better prevent and treat pressure ulcers in individuals with spina bifida.

Targeted Interventions

Interventions should focus on managing incontinence, promoting mobility, and providing education on skin care.

Further Research

Further research should investigate the impact of specific surgical procedures and mobility devices on pressure ulcer development.

Study Limitations

1
Participants were not asked to record exact dates of their surgeries and pressure ulcers.
2
The study could not separate pressure ulcers reported by a participant and by examination.
3
NSBPR data was reviewed only over a 4-year period at this time.

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