Impact of passive heat stress on persons with spinal cord injury: Implications for Olympic spectators

TEMPERATURE, 2020 · DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1631730 · Published: January 1, 2020

Simple Explanation

Environmental heat can harm health and performance, potentially leading to life-threatening situations. Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are particularly vulnerable due to impaired thermoregulation. This review focuses on how passive heat stress affects people with SCI, covering their physiological responses, quality of life, and cognitive function. It also provides recommendations for healthcare professionals and individuals with SCI to safely attend events like the Olympic games. The aim is to provide up-to-date knowledge on passive heat stress responses in persons with SCI, so that their attendance at the Olympic games can be done with maximal safety and enjoyment.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Persons with SCI and able-bodied controls

Evidence Level

Review article

Key Findings

1
Thermoregulatory dysfunction in persons with SCI is proportional to the level of injury, with those with tetraplegia at greatest risk for heat-related illness.
2
Completeness of injury may confound the data. Studies of heat responses in persons with SCI that stratify by LOI and completeness of injury are needed.
3
Thermal strain decreases socialization and outdoor activities in a population for which community integration is essential to optimize mental health, and outdoor exercise is essential to limit morbidity.

Research Summary

Persons with SCI are at higher risk of heat-related illness due to impaired thermoregulatory capacity, caused by a decentralized sympathetic nervous system. Studies show that the degree of thermoregulatory dysfunction is proportional to the level of injury, with individuals with tetraplegia facing the greatest risk. The review emphasizes the need for education, practical cooling methods, and objective assessments to mitigate the risks of heat stress in persons with SCI, especially during events like the Tokyo Olympic games.

Practical Implications

Clinical Education

Clinicians should educate persons with SCI, particularly those with tetraplegia, about the risks of heat-related illness and preventive measures.

Environmental Adaptations

Persons with SCI should be encouraged to seek shaded areas, stay hydrated, and use cooling methods like water sprays, especially during outdoor activities.

Future Research

Further research is needed to quantify the impact of completeness of injury and to develop objective assessments for predicting heat-related injury risk.

Study Limitations

1
Lack of epidemiologic data on the incidence of heat-related illness in persons with SCI.
2
Small sample sizes in many studies, limiting the generalizability of findings.
3
Limited data on the impact of completeness of injury on thermoregulation.

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