Incidence of and factors associated with hyponatremia in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury patients

Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 2022 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-022-00475-0 · Published: January 5, 2022

Simple Explanation

This study investigated the occurrence of hyponatremia (low sodium levels) in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries. It aimed to identify factors that might be linked to developing this condition after such injuries. The study found that hyponatremia is common in these patients, especially within the first nine days after the injury. Patients with complete spinal cord injuries were more likely to develop hyponatremia. The findings emphasize the importance of carefully monitoring sodium levels in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries to allow for prompt diagnosis and treatment, potentially reducing complications and improving outcomes.

Study Duration

January 2002 to May 2013

Participants

123 patients (98 males, 25 females) with traumatic cervical SCI

Evidence Level

Retrospective study

Key Findings

1
Hyponatremia developed in 43.9% of traumatic cervical SCI patients.
2
74.1% of hyponatremia cases presented within 9 days after spinal cord injury.
3
Complete SCI was identified as the only factor significantly associated with hyponatremia (OR: 3.714, 95% CI: 1.658–8.317; p < 0.001).

Research Summary

This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence of hyponatremia and associated factors in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). The study found a high incidence of hyponatremia (43.9%) among these patients, with most cases occurring within the first 9 days post-injury. Complete SCI was identified as a significant factor associated with hyponatremia, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of sodium levels in this patient population.

Practical Implications

Clinical Monitoring

Close monitoring of sodium levels is essential in patients with traumatic cervical SCI, particularly those with complete injuries, during the acute phase post-injury.

Early Intervention

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia can potentially reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Risk Stratification

Complete SCI patients are at higher risk and should be prioritized for hyponatremia monitoring and preventative strategies.

Study Limitations

1
Limitations of retrospective research, including missing and incomplete information
2
Relatively small study population, limiting statistical power
3
Findings may not be fully generalizable to settings with less sophisticated levels of care

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