MRI- and histologically derived neuroanatomical atlas of the Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl)

Scientific Reports, 2021 · DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89357-3 · Published: May 12, 2021

Simple Explanation

The study created a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atlas of the in vivo neuroanatomy of the juvenile axolotl brain. This atlas includes three levels: (1) 82 regions of interest (ROIs) and a version with 64 ROIs; (2) a division of the brain according to the embryological origin of the neural tube, and (3) left and right hemispheres. Additionally, the researchers localized the myelin rich regions of the juvenile brain.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

14 juvenile axolotls for template construction

Evidence Level

Not specified

Key Findings

1
The study successfully created an MRI atlas of the axolotl brain, delineating 82 regions of interest (ROIs) and a simplified version with 64 ROIs.
2
The atlas provides a detailed division of the brain based on the embryological origin of the neural tube and includes separate delineations for the left and right hemispheres.
3
Myelin-rich regions were observed in the posterior brain (medulla oblongata, cerebellum, optic tectum, and tegmentum) but not in the anterior brain (olfactory bulb and telencephalon).

Research Summary

This study presents the first MRI atlas of the juvenile axolotl brain, comprising 82 and 64 regions of interest, segmented based on embryological origin and hemispheric division. The MRI atlas allows visualization of native morphology of the brain structures and their transformation into a 3D volume, in contrast to histological sections. The research identified the distribution of myelin in the axolotl brain, noting its presence in the posterior regions but absence in the anterior regions.

Practical Implications

Comparative Neuroanatomy

The atlas serves as a valuable resource for comparing the neuroanatomy of axolotls with other amphibians and vertebrates.

Regeneration Research

Provides a foundational tool for studying neural regeneration in the axolotl, particularly in the context of its unique regenerative capabilities.

Conservation Efforts

Enhances understanding of axolotl biology, supporting conservation efforts for this critically endangered species.

Study Limitations

1
The MRI contrast was insufficient to differentiate some structures, requiring manual segmentation based on previous publications.
2
The study only examined juvenile axolotls; myelin distribution may differ in adult brains.
3
The Black Gold II staining method may not be optimal for detecting all types of amphibian myelin, potentially leading to an underestimation of myelin in the anterior brain.

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