Primary Melanocytomas of the Spinal Cord: Case Studies and Rehabilitation Perspectives

Primary melanocytomas of the central nervous system are rare tumors that originate from melanocytes in the leptomeninges (membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). These tumors can cause symptoms such as back pain, neurological deficits, and bowel/bladder issues. Advanced imaging, like MRI, is useful for locating the tumor, but it cannot differentiate between primary melanocytomas and metastatic melanoma. This case series presents three patients with spinal cord injuries caused by malignant melanocytomas. The rehabilitation team plays a crucial role in the care of patients undergoing resection of these spinal cord tumors. Their involvement is important preoperatively, postoperatively, and during follow-up to monitor for recurrence and optimize the patient's function.

• 1
  Primary spinal melanocytomas, though rare, may be more common than reported due to their insidious nature and non-specific symptoms, potentially leading to delayed or missed diagnoses.
• 2
  Postsurgical deficits after resection of spinal melanocytomas can include hemiparesis, proprioceptive impairment, spasticity, and neurogenic bowel and bladder, all of which can be addressed through intensive inpatient rehabilitation.
• 3
  The study highlights the locally aggressive nature of spinal melanocytomas and the challenges in their treatment, emphasizing the need for a combination of surgical and radiation therapy to prevent recurrence.