Risk Factors for Suicidality in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Focus on Physical and Functional Characteristics

Ann Rehabil Med, 2023 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23110 · Published: October 1, 2023

Spinal Cord Injury Mental Health Rehabilitation

Simple Explanation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to significant physical and psychological issues, increasing the risk of suicide. This study investigates how physical and functional challenges related to SCI are connected to suicide risk. The study found that lower upper extremity motor scores (UEMS) and difficulties with mobility skills like rolling and wheelchair use are linked to higher suicide risk in individuals with SCI. Addressing both the psychological well-being and physical capabilities of individuals with SCI is crucial for preventing suicide. Rehabilitation programs should focus on improving upper body strength and mobility to reduce dependency and improve quality of life.

Study Duration

January 2019 and December 2021

Participants

259 patients with SCI

Evidence Level

Cross-sectional study

Key Findings

1
Lower upper extremity motor score (UEMS) was significantly associated with higher suicide risk.
2
The inability to perform independent rolling, come to sit, wheelchair propelling, and self-driving were associated with increased suicidality.
3
Lower UEMS, limited shoulder joint motion, upper extremity spasticity, and dependent wheelchair propulsion were predictors of higher suicide risk.

Research Summary

This study aimed to explore how certain physical and functional characteristics of individuals with SCI might correlate with reported suicidality. Results indicated that age had a statistically significant negative correlation with suicide risk. No significant associations were found with SCI-related factors, including duration from injury, completeness, and NLI. The analysis also indicated that LOM of the shoulder and upper extremity spasticity were predictors of higher suicide risk.

Practical Implications

Targeted Interventions

Identify high-risk individuals based on physical and functional limitations for early psychological support.

Tailored Rehabilitation Programs

Develop rehabilitation programs that focus on improving upper extremity strength and mobility to enhance independence.

Comprehensive Suicide Prevention

Integrate psychological and physical rehabilitation to address both mental health and functional dependency in SCI patients.

Study Limitations

1
Retrospective cross-sectional study design limits cause-and-effect conclusions.
2
Single-center recruitment and inclusion of inpatients restrict generalizability.
3
Lack of detailed information on occupation, economic status, and caregiver support.

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