Sexuality, Intimacy, and Reproductive Health after Spinal Cord Injury

J. Pers. Med., 2022 · DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121985 · Published: December 1, 2022

Spinal Cord Injury Urology Women's Health

Simple Explanation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can significantly impact an individual's sexual function, including libido, erections, ejaculation, and orgasm. Fortunately, advancements in SCI research have led to effective treatments and knowledge for healthcare providers to address these concerns with patient-centered approaches. Many men with SCI experience difficulties with ejaculation; however, various methods such as penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) and electroejaculation (EEJ) are available to assist in sperm retrieval for fertility purposes. These methods, combined with assisted reproductive technologies, can help couples achieve biological fatherhood. Beyond the physical aspects, redefining self-image, reinforcing confidence, and improving communication are crucial for regaining quality of life after SCI. Addressing sexual health holistically, including intimacy and relationships, is essential for overall well-being.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Not specified

Evidence Level

Review

Key Findings

1
SCI can impair multiple components involved in sexual function, including libido, achieving and maintaining an erection, ejaculation, and orgasm.
2
Safe and effective methods of sperm retrieval, such as PVS and EEJ, are available to overcome anejaculation in men with SCI, increasing the chances of biological fatherhood.
3
Semen quality in men with SCI is often characterized by leukocytospermia and elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, which can negatively impact sperm motility. Research suggests a potential immunologic cause for these abnormalities.

Research Summary

This review highlights the current state of SCI research relating to sexual function, reproductive health, and the search for meaning. Multiple safe and effective treatments are available to address many of the sexual and reproductive obstacles posed by SCI. Safe and effective methods of sperm retrieval maximize the changes of biological fatherhood in men with SCI. The pursuit of meaning, fulfillment, and happiness forms the strength of an enriching life for those individuals impacted by SCI.

Practical Implications

Improved Fertility Options

Advances in assisted reproductive technologies and sperm retrieval methods offer hope for biological fatherhood to men with SCI.

Enhanced Sexual Health Management

Healthcare providers can use evidence-based approaches and patient-centered care to address sexual dysfunction and improve overall sexual health in individuals with SCI.

Holistic Rehabilitation Strategies

Rehabilitation programs should integrate strategies to address self-image, confidence, communication, and intimacy to improve the quality of life for individuals with SCI.

Study Limitations

1
Lack of long-term studies on the effectiveness of various interventions.
2
Limited research on the psychological and emotional aspects of sexuality and intimacy after SCI.
3
Variability in individual responses to treatments and the need for personalized care.

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