Spinal Cord Injury Reduces Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 and Impairs Its Signaling Pathways in Liver and Adipose Tissue in Mice

Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2021 · DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668984 · Published: May 11, 2021

Simple Explanation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to metabolic issues, but the reasons why aren't completely understood. This study looks at how SCI affects a protein called fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and its related pathways, which are important for managing blood sugar and fats. The study found that in mice with SCI, FGF21 levels are lower, and the way it signals in the liver and fat tissue is impaired. This may contribute to metabolic problems after SCI. These findings suggest that SCI disrupts the normal metabolic balance, potentially increasing the risk of related health issues.

Study Duration

84 days

Participants

Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice

Evidence Level

Not specified

Key Findings

1
SCI reduced serum FGF21 levels and hepatic FGF21 expression, as well as b-klotho and FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1) mRNA expression in adipose tissue.
2
SCI also reduced serum levels and adipose tissue mRNA expression of adiponectin and leptin, two major adipokines.
3
SCI suppressed hepatic type 2 adiponectin receptor (AdipoR2) mRNA expression and PPARa activation in the liver.

Research Summary

This study investigated the impact of spinal cord injury (SCI) on FGF21 and adiponectin signaling in mice, focusing on liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. The findings indicated that SCI reduced serum FGF21 and adiponectin levels, as well as the expression of hepatic FGF21 and adipocyte adiponectin. The study suggests that dysregulation of the FGF21-adiponectin metabolic regulatory circuit is a key driver of metabolic perturbations after SCI.

Practical Implications

Targeted Therapies

The study suggests that therapies aimed at restoring FGF21 and adiponectin signaling may help improve metabolic function after SCI.

Nutritional Interventions

Given the impact of a high-fat diet on metabolic dysfunction, nutritional interventions may play a role in managing metabolic health after SCI.

Monitoring Metabolic Health

Monitoring FGF21 and adiponectin levels in individuals with SCI could help identify those at risk for metabolic complications.

Study Limitations

1
The study used a mouse model of complete spinal cord transection, which may not fully reflect the heterogeneity of SCI in humans.
2
The study only evaluated male mice.
3
The approach employed did not directly test for physiological significance of lower FGF21 levels in the SCI mouse model used.

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