Training with brain-machine interfaces, visuo-tactile feedback and assisted locomotion improves sensorimotor, visceral, and psychological signs in chronic paraplegic patients

This study investigates whether a multi-step protocol combining non-invasive brain-machine interfaces, visuo-tactile feedback, and assisted locomotion can improve clinical outcomes in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The protocol aims to leverage brain activity to control virtual avatars and robotic gait devices, while providing tactile feedback synchronized with visual cues. The researchers observed improvements in sensory functions like nociception, tactile sensitivity, and proprioception. Patients also experienced enhanced visceral functions, including better bladder control and bowel function, as well as some recovery of sexual functions. The study suggests that this non-invasive neurorehabilitation approach holds promise for patients with severe paraplegia, even in the chronic phase, by potentially re-engaging surviving spinal tracts and inducing cortical and spinal cord functional plasticity.

• 1
  All patients recovered significant levels of nociceptive sensation below their original SCI (up to 16 dermatomes, average 11 dermatomes), voluntary motor functions (lower-limbs muscle contractions plus multi-joint movements) and partial sensory function for several modalities (proprioception, tactile, pressure, vibration).
• 2
  Patients also recovered partial intestinal, urinary and sexual functions.
• 3
  By the end of the protocol, all patients had their AIS classification upgraded (six from AIS A to C, one from B to C).