Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Approaches

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that can occur after an injury or trauma. It's characterized by severe pain, often accompanied by changes in skin, swelling, and movement problems. CRPS is thought to involve multiple factors, including changes in the nervous system, inflammation, and even the immune system. Because of this complexity, diagnosing CRPS can be difficult, as its symptoms overlap with other conditions. Treatment for CRPS typically involves a combination of physical therapy, psychological support, and medications to manage pain and improve function. In some cases, more invasive treatments like spinal cord stimulation may be considered.

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  CRPS involves a complex interplay of peripheral and central mechanisms, neurogenic and classic inflammation, and potential autoimmune and psychological influences.
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  Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical evaluation supported by consensus-based criteria, such as the Budapest Criteria, while supplementary tests aid in atypical presentations or differential diagnoses.
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  Current treatment approaches emphasize a multidisciplinary strategy combining physical therapy, psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy, and interventional modalities tailored to individual patient needs.