Development of an IoT Electrostimulator with Closed-Loop Control

Sensors, 2022 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093551 · Published: May 7, 2022

Assistive Technology Biomedical Telehealth & Digital Health

Simple Explanation

The paper presents the design and development of a 4-channel IoT electrostimulator device with an inertial sensor for motor rehabilitation, specifically for spinal cord injury patients. The device aims to provide real-time feedback and closed-loop control, addressing the limitations of current devices that lack remote operability and integrated control systems. A closed-loop test was performed to control the ankle joint, demonstrating movements like dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion, showcasing the device's ability to safely control a joint.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

One healthy subject

Evidence Level

Proof of Concept

Key Findings

1
The designed hardware allows free adjustment of boost converter voltage and signal modulation with 200 µs pulse duration and 50 Hz frequency.
2
The controller effectively moved the ankle joint in desired directions, following reference values within imposed constraints.
3
The developed hardware demonstrates the ability to safely control a closed-loop joint, showing potential for rehabilitation applications.

Research Summary

This paper introduces a 4-channel open-access IoT electrostimulator designed for motor rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with spinal cord injuries. It emphasizes the limitations of existing devices and highlights the need for real-time feedback and closed-loop control. The electrostimulator circuit comprises four modules: a boost converter, H-bridge, inertial measurement unit (IMU), and processing module. The firmware manages these modules to perform closed-loop stimulation using a PID controller. A closed-loop test successfully controlled the ankle joint, showcasing dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion movements. The hardware safely modulated signals and controlled the joint within set constraints, demonstrating its potential for rehabilitation.

Practical Implications

Accessibility

The open-access design promotes broader access to electrostimulation technology, facilitating new research and rehabilitation protocols.

Personalized Therapy

The closed-loop control and real-time feedback enable personalized and adaptive therapy based on individual patient needs.

Remote Monitoring

The IoT integration allows for remote monitoring and adjustment of stimulation parameters, improving convenience and access to care.

Study Limitations

1
Absence of a graphic user interface (GUI) limits ease of use outside of research labs.
2
Device validation is limited to a proof-of-concept test on a healthy individual.
3
The derivative term in the PID implementation lacks a derivative filter, increasing participant discomfort.

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