Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, 2021 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062016 · Published: June 11, 2021

Pharmacology Orthopedics Nutrition & Dietetics

Simple Explanation

This review examines the existing research on dietary supplements and their effects on sports performance for para-athletes. Due to physiological differences, recommendations for able-bodied athletes may not be appropriate for para-athletes. The review found that evidence supporting the use of supplements in para-athletes is limited and often inconclusive. Most studies focus on spinal cord injuries, highlighting the need for research on other impairments. The supplements investigated include caffeine, creatine, fish oil, nitrates, and vitamin D. The effectiveness of these supplements varies, and more research is needed to determine optimal use in para-athletes.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

311 para-athletes

Evidence Level

Systematic Review

Key Findings

1
Evidence for the effectiveness of supplements like caffeine, creatine, and vitamin D in para-athletes is inconclusive, with results varying across studies.
2
Most research focuses on athletes with spinal cord injuries, leaving a gap in knowledge for athletes with other types of impairments.
3
There is a need for individualized recommendations for supplement use in para-athletes, considering their specific impairments and physiological differences.

Research Summary

This systematic review assessed the literature on dietary supplements for sport performance in para-athletes, identifying 15 relevant studies. The review found that evidence supporting supplement use in para-athletes is inconclusive, with significant heterogeneity among study populations and a focus primarily on spinal cord injuries. More research is needed to strengthen the evidence base for supplement use in para-athletes, particularly for impairments other than spinal cord injuries, and to develop tailored recommendations.

Practical Implications

Individualized Supplement Plans

Nutritional and supplement advice should be tailored to the individual para-athlete, considering their specific health needs and performance goals.

Further Research Needed

More studies are required to investigate the effects of various supplements on different types of para-athletes, including those with brain injuries, cerebral palsy, and amputations.

Caution with AB Recommendations

Recommendations for supplement use in able-bodied athletes should not be directly applied to para-athletes due to physiological and metabolic differences.

Study Limitations

1
Heterogeneity of subjects within the para-athlete population regarding functionality and impairment.
2
Very few studies included individuals with impairments other than spinal cord injury.
3
Inconclusive evidence for the effectiveness of various supplements.

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