Differential brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness: a 3-month rs-fMRI study using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation

Frontiers in Neurology, 2024 · DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1477596 · Published: December 13, 2024

Simple Explanation

This study investigates brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). It examines how brain activity, measured by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), differs between patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and non-traumatic brain injury (non-TBI). The research also explores if ALFF can predict the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy in improving consciousness levels. By comparing ALFF patterns before and after SCS, the study aims to identify potential biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes. The findings could help in better understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of consciousness and in developing more targeted therapies for patients with DoC, ultimately improving their chances of recovery and quality of life.

Study Duration

3 Months

Participants

53 patients with Disorders of Consciousness (31 with TBI, 22 with non-TBI)

Evidence Level

Not specified

Key Findings

1
Patients with TBI showed increased ALFF in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex, while the middle occipital lobe showed decreased ALFF.
2
In the non-TBI group, a higher ALFF was noted in the precuneus, with a reduced ALFF in the occipital and temporal lobes.
3
Patients with improved consciousness post-SCS exhibited distinct ALFF patterns compared with those with unchanged consciousness, particularly in the posterior cingulate and occipital regions.

Research Summary

This study used rs-fMRI and ALFF to examine brain activity differences in DoC patients with TBI and non-TBI, assessing the predictive value of these measures for consciousness improvement after SCS therapy. The results indicated differential ALFF patterns in specific brain regions between TBI and non-TBI patients, as well as between patients who showed improvement in consciousness and those who did not. The findings suggest that ALFF in rs-fMRI could serve as a predictive tool for post-treatment outcomes in DoC patients, aiding in the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.

Practical Implications

Predictive Biomarker

ALFF in rs-fMRI can be used as a predictive biomarker to assess the likelihood of consciousness improvement following SCS therapy.

Targeted Therapy Development

Understanding differential ALFF patterns can guide the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for DoC patients.

Improved Patient Outcomes

By identifying potential for consciousness recovery, clinicians can optimize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.