New epigenetic players in stroke pathogenesis: From non-coding RNAs to exosomal non-coding RNAs

Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 · DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111753 · Published: August 1, 2021

Simple Explanation

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in stroke recovery and disease development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence angiogenesis and neuroprotection. Exosomes, acting as nanocarriers, transport molecules like lncRNAs and miRNAs to cells, mediating neuro-restorative events after strokes. This review focuses on the roles of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs in stroke pathogenesis.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Animal models and cell lines

Evidence Level

Review

Key Findings

1
LncRNAs like MALAT1, ANRIL, and H19 affect angiogenesis, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis following ischemic stroke.
2
MicroRNAs, such as miR-497, miR-21, and miR-99a, attenuate ischemic volumes and prevent neuronal apoptosis, preserving neurological function.
3
Exosomes transport miRNAs and lncRNAs, influencing intercellular communication and potentially acting as biomarkers in stroke.

Research Summary

The review highlights the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Exosomes, as nanocarriers, transport ncRNAs and mediate intercellular communication, impacting neuro-restorative events after stroke. The review concludes that ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs have therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential in stroke, warranting further investigation for exosome therapy.

Practical Implications

Therapeutic Potential

Targeting specific ncRNAs or utilizing exosomes as drug delivery systems could lead to new stroke treatments.

Diagnostic Biomarkers

Circulating ncRNAs in blood could serve as biomarkers for stroke risk, diagnosis, and prognosis.

Intercellular Communication

Understanding exosome-mediated communication can reveal novel pathways for neuroprotection and recovery.

Study Limitations

1
Insufficient information on the contribution of exosomal lncRNAs to stroke pathogenesis.
2
Limited investigations on the anti-oxidative activity of miRNAs in hemorrhagic stroke.
3
Lack of clarity on the loading mechanisms of biological substances into individual exosomes.

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