Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance

Bone Research, 2022 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-022-00199-9 · Published: April 26, 2022

Spinal Cord Injury Genetics Research Methodology & Design

Simple Explanation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to loss of motor and sensory function below the injury level and imposes a considerable burden on patients, families, and society. This review summarizes the latest research progress on two aspects of SCI pathology: intraneuronal microenvironment imbalance and regenerative microenvironment imbalance. We also review repair strategies for the injured spinal cord based on microenvironment imbalance, including medications, cell transplantation, exosomes, tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, and rehabilitation.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Not specified

Evidence Level

Review Article

Key Findings

1
The development of a combined, precise, and multitemporal strategy for repairing the injured spinal cord is a potential future direction.
2
The review highlights recent advancements in understanding the intraneuronal and regenerative microenvironment imbalances following SCI.
3
The authors discuss various repair strategies including medications, cell transplantation, exosomes, tissue engineering and rehabilitation.

Research Summary

This review summarizes the latest research progress on two aspects of SCI pathology: intraneuronal microenvironment imbalance and regenerative microenvironment imbalance. We also review repair strategies for the injured spinal cord based on microenvironment imbalance, including medications, cell transplantation, exosomes, tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, and rehabilitation. The development of a combined, precise, and multitemporal strategy for repairing the injured spinal cord is a potential future direction.

Practical Implications

Combined Therapies

Combining multiple therapeutic approaches (e.g., drugs, cell transplantation, rehabilitation) may offer synergistic benefits for SCI repair.

Targeted Interventions

Developing therapies that specifically address microenvironment imbalances at different time points post-injury could improve outcomes.

Personalized Strategies

Considering individual differences in SCI types, injury severity, and patient characteristics is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies.

Study Limitations

1
Translational studies related to repair of the injured spinal cord have not yielded signiﬁcant results.
2
The pathological mechanism of SCI remains to be clariﬁed and described more accurately.
3
The imbalanced microenvironment dynamically changes after SCI, and thus, use of a single target or single strategy is not sufﬁcient to treat the disease.

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