Rapid bone loss occurs as early as 2 days after complete spinal cord transection in young adult rats

Spinal Cord, 2020 · DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0371-4 · Published: March 1, 2020

Spinal Cord Injury Genetics Musculoskeletal Medicine

Simple Explanation

This study investigates how quickly bone loss occurs after a spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and explores the molecular reasons behind it. The research found that significant bone loss and weakening of bone structure can happen as early as 2 days after a complete SCI. The study suggests that early interventions to prevent bone breakdown and encourage bone formation are essential to minimize bone loss after SCI.

Study Duration

2 and 7 days

Participants

Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 10–12 per group)

Evidence Level

Animal study

Key Findings

1
Neurologically motor-complete SCI causes loss of bone mass and deterioration of trabecular bone microstructure as early as 2 days after injury.
2
These skeletal defects become more evident at 7 days.
3
Gene expressions responsible for both bone resorption and formation are increased at 2 days post-SCI.

Research Summary

This study demonstrates that rapid bone loss occurs as early as 2 days after a complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. The researchers found a decrease in bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure shortly after SCI, suggesting that early intervention is critical. The molecular analysis indicates that the bone loss is likely due to an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, with resorption dominating in the early stages after SCI.

Practical Implications

Early Intervention

Interventions to inhibit bone resorption and promote bone formation should start as soon as possible after SCI.

Veterans Health

The findings have particular relevance for clinical cases of children or Veterans with SCI.

Therapeutic Targets

A better understanding of the molecular mechanism and risk factors for SCI-related bone loss is critical in identifying therapeutic targets.

Study Limitations

1
The study was conducted on rats, which may not fully translate to human physiology.
2
The study only examined bone loss up to 7 days post-SCI, limiting the understanding of long-term effects.
3
The molecular mechanisms are complex and further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific pathways involved.

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