Role of Aldynoglia Cells in Neuroinﬂammatory and Neuroimmune Responses after Spinal Cord Injury

Cells, 2021 · DOI: 10.3390/cells10102783 · Published: October 17, 2021

Simple Explanation

Aldynoglia are growth-promoting cells found throughout the adult central nervous system that interact with immune cells. After spinal cord injury (SCI), aldynoglia, including ependymocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal stem cells (EpSCs), are crucial for spinal neural tissue regeneration. These glial cells facilitate axonal regrowth and remyelination of injured axons, influenced by macrophage/microglia subpopulations during neuroinflammation and immune responses.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Not specified

Evidence Level

Review

Key Findings

1
Aldynoglia cells, including ependymocytes, tanycytes and ependymal stem cells, play a crucial role in the regeneration of spinal neural tissue after SCI.
2
M1 macrophages/microglia promote proliferation of aldynoglia cells in the sub-acute phase after SCI, while M2 macrophages/microglia induce aldynoglial cell differentiation in the chronic phase.
3
Endogenous enhancement or transplantation of spinal aldynoglia is an attractive strategy for SCI cell therapy.

Research Summary

This review discusses the role of aldynoglia cells, particularly ependymocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal stem cells (EpSCs), in neuroinflammatory and neuroimmune responses following spinal cord injury (SCI). The review emphasizes the influence of M1 or M2 macrophage/microglia subpopulations on the fate of EpSCs during the acute, subacute, and chronic phases after SCI. The review highlights the potential of aldynoglia as a therapeutic target for SCI, focusing on axonal regeneration, myelination, and the modulation of inflammation.

Practical Implications

Therapeutic Target for SCI

Aldynoglia cells are a potential therapeutic target for spinal cord injury.

Cell Transplantation Strategy

Transplantation or endogenous enhancement of spinal aldynoglia could be an attractive strategy for SCI cell therapy.

Modulating Immune Response

The macrophage/microglia response after SCI reflects the type of immune response in subacute and chronic post-injury states, influencing stem cell migration and differentiation.

Study Limitations

1
Differences in EpSC behavior between human and animal models
2
Challenges in translating human CNS-derived stem cell results from rodent models to clinical efficacy
3
Gaining more mechanistic insight into EpSCs proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as the interaction with the host’s immune system

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