The Effects of Lower Limb Orthoses on Health Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Systematic Review Using International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a Reference Framework

Following a spinal cord injury, patients often lose their ability to stand and walk, impacting their daily activities. Rehabilitation aims to increase independence and improve health status. Various treatments are used, including orthoses and exoskeletons, but many patients don't use assistive devices due to slow walking speed and high energy consumption. This review evaluates the effectiveness of assistive devices for SCI patients using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model, considering body functions, activities, and participation.

• 1
  70% of studies support the efficiency of orthoses in walking and standing of SCI patients.
• 2
  Most studies primarily assessed orthoses' efficiency based on body functions and structures, with unclear impacts on participation and quality of life.
• 3
  Mechanical orthoses may be more suitable for standing and walking, but their effects on social participation were not adequately evaluated.