User‑centered design and spatially‑distributed sequential electrical stimulation in cycling for individuals with paraplegia

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2022 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01014-6 · Published: March 28, 2022

Assistive Technology Biomedical Research Methodology & Design

Simple Explanation

This research focuses on improving a Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) cycling system for individuals with paraplegia, using a User-centered design approach. The system's enhancements include an improved user interface and the implementation of spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS). The study compares traditional single electrode stimulation (SES) with SDSS, evaluating user perception and system performance. A System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire was used to assess user satisfaction, while data on distance and velocity were collected to compare the effectiveness of the two stimulation techniques. The results indicate that the user perceived the system positively, and the SDSS trials showed superior performance in terms of distance and velocity compared to SES. The CYBATHLON format highlighted the importance of user-centered design in assistive technology development.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

1 male with trauma-induced SCI at the T9 level

Evidence Level

Case Study

Key Findings

1
User perception measured with SUS indicates a positive outcome in the developed system, with a total SUS score of 77.5.
2
The SDSS trials were superior in absolute and average values to SES regarding total distance covered and velocity, suggesting that SDSS may enable faster and possibly longer FES cycling sessions.
3
The CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition participation resulted in a 6th position in the FES Bike Race category, demonstrating the system's functionality in a competitive setting.

Research Summary

The study presents enhancements to an FES cycling system using a User-centered design approach, including an improved user interface and spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS). User evaluation via the System Usability Scale (SUS) showed positive user perception. Experimental results indicated that SDSS outperformed traditional single electrode stimulation (SES) in terms of distance and velocity. The system's effectiveness was demonstrated by the team's participation in the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition, finishing in 6th place in the FES Bike Race. This highlights the importance of user-centered design in assistive technology.

Practical Implications

Telerehabilitation Potential

The remote access feature of the system enables telerehabilitation, facilitating remote monitoring and adjustments by healthcare professionals.

Performance Enhancement

Spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) can potentially improve FES cycling performance, allowing for faster and longer sessions for individuals with paraplegia.

User-Centered Design Importance

The CYBATHLON format underscores the importance of user-centered design in developing effective and user-friendly assistive technologies.

Study Limitations

1
The study is based on a single participant, limiting the generalizability of the findings.
2
Further extensive studies are required to assess the long-term effects and broader applicability of SDSS in FES cycling.
3
The system is still perceived as complex and requiring technical support, indicating the need for further simplification for commercial use.

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